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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a serious challenge for the global healthcare system due to the rapid increase in its prevalence, DM-associated morbidity, disability, and mortality. The mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes is the administration of exogenous insulin. Therefore, recent research has focused on cell therapy, which involves administering autologous (own cells) or allogeneic (donor) cellular material to patients.
Cell therapy for diabetes involves using stem (mesenchymal, embryonic) and non-stem (bone marrow cells) cells, which helps restore immune tolerance and preserve the function of β-cells. The article presents evidence-based medicine (randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses), which proves the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in normalising fasting glycaemia, reducing glycated haemoglobin, reducing insulin requirements, and a tendency to increase fasting C-peptide levels.
To consider the functional features of the use of devices called ‘cell delivery system’: the features of the Encaptra and Cell Pouch semi-permeable pouches, Semma Therapeutics semi-permeable device, Cell Pouch™ and βAir devices, Shielded Living Therapeutics ‘shielded sphere’, TheraCyte device are described. Much attention was paid to the latest cell therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of type 1 diabetes and officially available on the US pharmaceutical market under the trade name Lantidra (donislesel). In terms of its composition, Lantydra is the first allogeneic cell therapy product containing pancreatic islet cells obtained from a deceased donor. It is expected that Lantidra transplantation will restore glycaemic control and reduce dependence on exogenous insulin.
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